Habilidades sociales: su importancia en mujeres con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner / Social skills: their importance for women diagnosed with Turner Syndrome / Habilidades sociais: sua importância em mulheres com diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner

La Psicología Positiva postula la importancia de trabajar desde una mirada integradora de cada persona incluyendo sus fortalezas y debilidades. Esta mirada resulta importante al trabajar con poblaciones físicas, psicológicas y socialmente vulnerables. El Síndrome de Turner es un trastorno cromosómico determinado por la deleción del cromosoma X en el sexo femenino, siendo la talla y la disgenesia gonadal sus principales características físicas. Las mismas tienen un gran impacto en el desarrollo psicológico de esta población generando problemas en la capacidad de establecer relaciones sociales óptimas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es referenciar la importancia del desarrollo de habilidades sociales en el Síndrome de Turner, principalmente durante la niñez y la adolescencia, considerando que las mismas operan como un recurso salugénico para evitar trastornos mayores en la vida adulta.

Positive Psychology proposes the importance of working based on an integrated view of each person, including their strengths and weaknesses. This view is important for work with physically, psychologically and socially vulnerable populations. Turner Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder determined by the deletion of the X chromosome in females, with size and gonadal dysgenesis as the main physical characteristics.This syndrome has a strong impact on the psychological development of this population, creating problems among women with Turner Syndrome as it affects their ability to establish optimal relationships. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of developing social skills for women with Turner Syndrome, particularly during childhood and adolescence, considering that these skills act as a healing method that prevents further disorders during adulthood.

A Psicologia Positiva postula a importância de trabalhar a partir de uma visão integradora de cada pessoa, incluindo suas forças e fraquezas. Esta percepção se resulta importante ao trabalhar com populações físicas, psicológicas e socialmente vulneráveis. A Síndrome de Turner é um transtorno cromossômico determinado pela eliminação do cromossomo X no sexo feminino, sendo a estatura e a gonadal dysgenesis suas principais características físicas. Essas têm um grande impacto no desenvolvimento psicológico desta população gerando problemas na capacidade de estabelecer relações sociais ideais. O objetivo do presente trabalho é mostrar a importância do desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais em relação à Síndrome de Turner, principalmente durante a infância e a adolescência, considerando que estas operam como um recurso salugênico para evitar transtornos maiores na vida adulta

Relación entre tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento y perfiles de personalidad en mujeres con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner / Relationship between growth hormone treatment and personality profiles in women diagnosed with Turner Syndrome

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar la existencia de perfiles distintivos en las escalas de personalidad en relación con la aplicación o no de hormona de crecimiento en 73 mujeres adultas con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner de Latinoamérica. Para ello se administró, en formato online, el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon II y un cuestionario clínico para recabar datos sobre la realización o no de tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento durante el desarrollo con el fin de omparar ambos grupos. Los resultados encontrados muestran que el grupo que no realizó tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento obtiene medias más altas en casi la totalidad de las escalas de personalidad básicas y patológicas en comparación con el grupo que sírealizó tratamiento, siendo dicha diferencia significativa en la escala esquizotípica. Esta escala se asocia con necesidades afectivas mínimas, aislamiento social y apego empobrecido. Estos resultados podrían dar cuenta que el tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento sería un factor positivo para esta población, favoreciendo el desarrollo de características de personalidad más adaptativas en relación a lo social.

The aim of this study was to identify the existence of distinctive profiles on the personality scales in relation to the application or not of the growth hormone in 73 adult women diagnosed with Turner Syndrome in Latin America. For it was administered, in online form, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II and a clinical questionnaire to collect data on the realization or non-treatment with growth hormone during development in order to compare both groups. The results show that the group did not make growth hormone treatment gets highest averages in nearly all of the basic and pathological personality scales compared to the group that if he completed treatment, being such significant difference in schizotypal scale. This scale is associatedwith minimal emotional needs, social isolation and impoverished attachment. These results might note that treatment with growth hormone could be a positive factorfor this population, favoring the development of more adaptive personality characteristics in relation to the social aspects.

Análisis de perfiles de personalidad en mujeres adultas con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner / Analysis of personality profiles in adult women diagnosed with Turner Syndrome

El Síndrome de Turner es el trastorno cromosómico, no heredable, de mayor incidencia poblacional en el sexo femenino, determinado por la deleción parcial o total del cromosoma X. En el desarrollo de las mujeres con este diagnóstico intervienen factores genéticos, familiares, educacionales y sociales que resultan relevantes en la consolidación de la personalidad. El objetivo del trabajo realizado fue caracterizar la personalidad de mujeres adultas con Síndrome de Turner residentes en Latinoamérica. La muestra fue de tipo no probabilístico intencional y corresponde a 60 mujeres entre 18 y 55 años. Los datos se recabaron a través de una versión virtual del Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon II. Se transformaron las puntuaciones directas en puntuaciones Tasa Base y se obtuvieron estadísticos descriptivos de frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central para caracterizar a las participantes de la muestra. Posteriormente se calculó la razón de momios para obtener el índice de la probabilidad que las mujeres con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner presentaran trastornos de la personalidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la probabilidad que presenta dicha población de padecer trastornos de personalidad, en comparación con una muestra clínica normativa, resulta superior para todos los trastornos, siendo las escalas autodestructiva, compulsiva y antisocial aquellas que presentan los porcentajes más altos. Los datos obtenidos dan cuenta de la vulnerabilidad que presenta la población estudiada de padecer trastornos de personalidad y son útiles para el desarrollo de terapias específicas que consideren dichas características en pos de una mejor calidad de vida.

Turner Syndrome is a chromosomal, not inherited, disorder highest population incidence in females, determined by the partial or complete deletion of chromosome X. Is characterized by short stature and digenesia gonadal and, in a psychosocial level, one of the most common traits are the difficulties in establishing interpersonal relationships. In the development of women with diagnosis of Turner syndrome involves genetic, family, educational and social factors that are relevant in the establishment and consolidation of personality. This last one results from the interaction between biological and environmental factors among which are the inheritance and the learnings. The influence of the personality is a determining factor in the behavior and in the way to adapt to the environment, and may be favorable or pathological depending on the degree of flexibility in the situations of stress. The study of the influence of biological and environmental factors on human development is part of the new contributions of the biopsychosocial paradigm, which seeks to understand the psychological processes through a comprehensive vision that takes into account the interaction between biological, psychological and social factors in the development. This interdisciplinary approach oriented perspective becomes more conducive to addressing people with genetic disorders frame, since the differential impact of each of these factors in psychosocial development directly affect their quality of life. The study of personality in people with genetic disorders, and especially in the Turner Syndrome, is currently a vacant area in psychological research. The aim of the present study was to characterize the personality of adult women with Turner syndrome living in Latin America. The sample was intentional non-probability and corresponds to 60 women between 18 and 55 years. The data were gathered through a virtual version of the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory II in the Spanish version. The direct scores transformed on scores Rate-Base and descriptive statistics of frequencies and measures of central tendency were obtained to characterize the sample. Subsequently the odds ratio was calculated to obtain the index of the probability of women with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome present personality disorders. The presence of a personality disorder was considered when the score in the Rate-Base was greater than 84. The results show that the probability that women with a diagnosis of Turner syndrome presents of suffering from personality disorders, in comparison with a clinical normative sample, is higher for all disorders, being antisocial, self-destructive and compulsive scales those presenting the highest percentages. Thus, despite the limitations encountered, it is important to consider that, according to the finding of the scientific literature, personality is partly determined by biological factors, and in this sense the Turner syndrome has a particular specificity to result from loss of genetic material and therefore cause physical and neuropsychological distinctive characteristics. At the same time, environmental factors would be responsible for modular the development of biological predispositions of certain personality traits, and in this sense social relations, the process of socialization and stimulation that provide girls with a diagnosis of Turner Syndrome from the early years of life, could have a strong impact on the development of what in future will be formed personality style. The results are important for therapeutic work with women diagnosed with Turner syndrome because as having empirical information about their characteristics and personality disorders may be possible to diagramming programs specific treatments they consider their particular way of relating to themselves and the environment, seeking to develop new strategies to improve their quality of life. And at the same time, suggests possible interventions at the family level, especially during childhood, aimed at the prevention of development of dysfunctional personality characteristics.

Variables psicológicas troncales en el desarrollo de habilidades sociales: estudio diferencial en niñas y adolescentes con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner / Psychological variables trunks in the development of social skills: differential study in children and adolescents diagnosed with Turner syndrome

El Síndrome de Turner es un trastorno cromosómico, no heredable, determinado por la deleción total o parcial del cromosoma X en el sexo femenino. Las particularidades físicas y psicológicas de las mujeres con este diagnóstico pueden afectar la capacidad y calidad de sus relaciones sociales. A su vez, el paso de la niñez a la adolescencia conlleva grandes cambios que repercuten directamente en el desarrollo social y que podrían incidir negativamente, si no se cuenta con una serie de factores protectores que amortigüen sus efectos. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en valorar en niñas y adolescentes con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner factores de protección y vulnerabilidad troncales en el desarrollo de habilidades sociales; explorando el impacto diferencial de medidas como autoconcepto, percepción de estilos parentales, estrategias de afrontamiento y estrés escolar en relación a variables evolutivas. Se trabajó con una muestra intencional de niñas y adolescentes con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner; en todas las variables analizadas se observaron diferencias que pueden ser atribuidas a la etapa de desarrollo, permitiendo el análisis del impacto diferencial de estos factores en la niñez y la adolescencia. Estos datos resultan útiles para comprender el grado de vulnerabilidad de esta población en relación con la valoración que realizan de sí mismas en diferentes períodos evolutivos de su vida, incrementando, ala vez, el conocimiento de la dialéctica genética y ambiente.

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder, not inheritable, determined by the total or partial deletion of the X chromosome in females. The physical and psychological characteristics of women with this diagnosis may affect the capacity and quality of their social relationships. At the same time, the transition from childhood to adolescence involves major changes that directly affect social development and that could adversely affect, if not has a series of protective factors that buffer their effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate in children and adolescents diagnosed with Turner Syndrome protection and vulnerability trunk factors in the development of core social skills, by exploring the differential impact of measures such as self-concept, perceived parenting styles, coping strategies and stress school in relation to evolutionary variables. This investigation worked with a purposive sample of children and adolescents diagnosed with Turner Syndrome; in all variables analyzed differences may be attributed to the development stage, allowing the analysis of the differential impact of these factors in childhood and adolescence. These data are useful for understanding the vulnerability of this population in relation to the assessment made of themselves indifferent evolutionary periods of his life, increasing, at the same time, knowledge of genetics and environment dialectic.